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Petworth Emigration Scheme
The Petworth Emigration Scheme, sponsored by the Earl of Egremont and promoted by Thomas Sockett, anglican Rector of Petworth〔Sheila Haines and Leigh Lawson, ''Poor Cottages & Proud Palaces. The life and work of the Reverend Thomas Sockett of Petworth 1777-1859'' The Hastings Press 2007 ISBN 978-1-904109-16-7〕
, sent around 1800 working-class people from the south of England to Upper Canada between 1832 and 1837.〔(Moving Here, Staying Here: The Canadian Immigrant Experience ) at Library and Archives Canada - "Right of Passage: Debates"
〕 The Scheme was part of a larger initiative in Britain during the 1830s, in which churches, charitable organisations and private individuals were active in promoting emigration as a solution to overcrowded urban slums, unemployment and rural poverty in Britain.
==Background==
In the early nineteenth century malthusian predictions of overpopulation seemed to be true in Europe. The disappearance of bubonic plague after the seventeenth century and the introduction of smallpox vaccine in the later eighteenth century had allowed birth rates to exceed death rates in the young, giving population growth. There was no possibility of importing food from outside of Europe at that time, so food prices had risen, and with the decline in military employment after the Napoleonic wars unemployment and hunger were widespread in the countryside. Shelter and food for the destitute was provided locally by committees of landowners and clerics and varied from one area to another. Funding for this came from the Rates, a local property tax, which became higher with increasing poverty. In 1830 an outbreak of civil unrest by desperate agricultural workers, the Swing Riots, occurred in southern England, prompting the wealthy to look for a way of losing some of the surplus population, especially the more troublesome members, through emigration. Upper Canada was seen as somewhere with unfarmed land to settle and not too costly to reach, but far enough that people would not easily come back.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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